Topic: This paper, “Critical thinking: a streamlined conception,” provides an updated version of Robert Ennis’ 1962 definition and conception of critical thinking.
Abstract: The proposed conception of critical thinking has at least three strengths. First, it is grounded on an analysis of the important elements in making a decision about what to believe or do. Next, it has evolved from my 1962 version in light of comments by philosophers and in light of application. Third, this conception emphasises criteria for making judgments which are essential for providing guidance. Some attempts to conceptualise critical thinking neglect making judgments. This conception builds on both dispositions and abilities. The components provided here underlie “critical thinking” as reasonable, reflective thinking that is focused on what to believe or do.
Author: Robert H. Ennis
Reference: Ennis, Robert H. (1991). Critical thinking: A streamlined conception. Teaching Philosophy, 41 (1), 5-25.
See paper: https://criticalthinking.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/ennisstreamlinedconception_002-1.pdf
This paper represents a refined and updated version of the Robert Ennis’s 1962 conception of critical thinking (available at https://criticalthinking.net/a-concept-of-critical-thinking/). It incorporates many modest updates while keeping the same essential components. It has been republished in 2015 in the Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education, available at
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137378057. The Palgrave chapter and prior version have 2094 citations according to Google Scholar as of July 2026.
Citation: Ennis, R.H. (2015). Critical Thinking: A Streamlined Conception. In: Davies, M., Barnett, R. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_2
